Virtual imaging trials (VITs) permit imaging experiments to be simulated in silico by use of clinically relevant numerical phantoms and computational models of the image formation process. Virtual imaging trials for photoacoustic computed tomography Anastasio, “Three-dimensional stochastic numerical breast phantoms for enabling virtual imaging trials of ultrasound computed tomography,” in IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 2021. Anastasio,“3D Acoustic Numerical Breast Phantoms,” (2021) Available:
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Anastasio, “2D Acoustic Numerical Breast Phantoms and USCT Measurement Data,” (2021) Available: Examples of breast phantoms produced by use of the proposed methods and a collection of 52 sets of simulated USCT measurement data have been made open source for use in image reconstruction development.ģD rendering of acoustic phantoms from four breast types: From up to bottom: (A) almost entirely fatty, (B) scattered areas of fibroglandular density, (C) heterogeneously dense, and (D) extremely dense. These breast phantoms will possess clinically relevant variations in breast size, composition, acoustic properties, tumor locations, and tissue textures. By extending and adapting an existing stochastic 3D breast phantom for use with USCT, methods for creating ensembles of numerical acoustic breast phantoms are established.
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In this work, a methodology for producing realistic three-dimensional (3D) numerical breast phantoms for enabling clinically-relevant computer-simulation studies of USCT breast imaging is presented. Such stochastic phantoms for clinically relevant applications of ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) are currently lacking. Moreover, when computing objective image quality measures, an ensemble of such phantoms should be employed that display the variability in anatomy and object properties that is representative of the to-be-imaged patient cohort. When simulating an imaging technology intended for clinical use, it is essential to employ realistic numerical phantoms that can facilitate the objective, or task-based, assessment of image quality. In addition, any virtual detector that is specifically designed according to the underlying crystal structure can be created to optimize image contrast.Virtual imaging trials for ultrasound computed tomographyĬomputer-simulation studies, also known as virtual imaging trials, provide researchers with an economical and convenient route to systematically explore imaging system designs and image reconstruction methods.
Virtual imaging software#
The major advantage is that arbitrarily shaped virtual apertures generated with image processing software can be designed without facing any physical limitations. The reconstructed virtual images are compared with conventional TEM images. The experimental procedures of both methods are presented in the paper and are applied to a precipitation strengthened and creep deformed ferritic alloy with a complex microstructure.
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The resulting datasets allow the reconstruction of either electron diffraction patterns, or bright-, dark- or annular dark-field images using virtual apertures.
Virtual imaging series#
Similarly, a tilt series of TEM dark-field images is acquired. In a STEM-based approach, diffraction patterns are recorded for each beam position using a small probe convergence angle.
Virtual imaging how to#
Two methods on how to obtain the full diffraction information from a sample region and the associated reconstruction of images or diffraction patterns using virtual apertures are demonstrated.